[23], The Maginot Line was intended to block the main German blow if it should come via eastern France and divert it through Belgium, where French forces would meet and stop the Germans. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Free trial is available to new customers only. The false sense of security contributed "to the development of the "Maginot mentality". The word cloche is a French term meaning bell due to its shape. To be used as a basis for a counter-offensive. . Soaphead Church proceeds to write a letter to God, in which he blames God for making the world badly. . A period of sustained Francophobia broke out in Britain, with Poincar being vilified in Britain as a cruel bully punishing Germany with unreasonable reparations demands. "Bluest Eye Spring Summary and Analysis". The Maginot Line by Bryan J. Dickerson, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maginot_Line&oldid=1141389027, Military installations established in 1930, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2011, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Czech-language sources (cs), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mostly intact, through the preservation of the French Government, To save manpower (France counted 39 million inhabitants, Germany 70 million), To cover the mobilisation of the French Army. Considered by many to be an expensive failure, a symbol of French . Although the alliances with Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia were appreciated in Paris, it was widely understood that this was no compensation for the absence of Britain and the United States. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. [31] Stephen Ambrose wrote that in January 1945, "a part of the line was used for the purpose it had been designed for and showed what a superb fortification it was." Breedlove. From upstairs, the little girl calls for Polly, and Pecola accidentally pulls a freshly baked berry cobbler off the counter. Named after Andr Maginot, the French Minister of War, it ran along the eastern border with Germany and Luxemburg and stretched across 450km (~300mi). Pecola and the MacTeers leave the house in shame, laundry bag in tow, and as they leave they can hear Mrs. Breedlove fussing over the little white girl, who is crying. Outpost and Support Point line: Approximately 5km (3mi) behind the border, a line of anti-tank blockhouses that were intended to provide resistance to armoured assault, sufficient to delay the enemy to allow the crews of the C.O.R.F. She asks where "Polly" is, something that infuriates Claudia because even Pecola calls her own mother "Mrs. He is fiercely protective of his daughters. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. [23] Germany had the largest economy in Europe but lacked many of the raw materials necessary for a modern industrial economy (making the Reich vulnerable to a blockade) and the ability to feed its population. The line was built in several phases from 1930 by the Service Technique du Gnie (STG), overseen by Commission d'Organisation des Rgions Fortifies (CORF). When the little white girl asks Mrs. Breedlove who the black girls were, Mrs. Breedlove assures her that she doesn't need to know: "Hush. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Discount, Discount Code An independent and strong-minded nine-year-old, Claudia is a fighter and rebels against adults tyranny over children and against the Black communitys idealization of white beauty standards. French decision-makers believed they needed Britain's help to win another war; the French could only go so far with alienating the British. The design of the casemates is similar to the ones found in the southern part of the Maginot Line, and photographs of them are often confused with Maginot forts. She lies in an empty lot ruminating and then heads home. Middle-aged, he has never married and has a lecherous side. Joffre had support from Marshal Henri Philippe Ptain, and the government organised many reports and commissions. Belgium was overrun, and British and French forces evacuated at Dunkirk. SparkNotes PLUS For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. These are large reinforced buried concrete bunkers, equipped with armoured turrets containing high-precision optics, connected with the other fortifications by field telephone and wireless transmitters (known in French by the acronym T.S.F., Tlgraphie Sans Fil). [32], After the war, the French re-manned the line and underwent some modifications. She is given to fussing aloud and to singing the blues. He has also acquired the nickname Soaphead Church. Over time, she begins to devote all of her energy to taking care of the Fishers' home, and neglects her own home. The local prostitues, Miss Marie (also known as the Maginot Line) is fat and affectionate, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is quiet. Origin of Marie. Maureen is light-skinned and wealthy. But modern historians are increasingly making a bold claim: It wasn't the Maginot Line that failed, it was diplomacy and French armored tactics. She then comforts the little white girl and begins to clean the black stain off of her pink dress. "The Maginot Line was never meant to fight the war by itself. After a long series of failures in his studies and migration, Elihue has settled in Lorrain and become the local fortune teller/sorcerer. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. There are 142 ouvrages, 352 casemates, 78 shelters, 17 observatories and around 5,000 blockhouses in the Maginot Line.[a]. He has a gruff manner toward little Blackgirls. The British diplomat Sir Eric Phipps, who attended the conference, commented afterwards that: The London Conference was for the French 'man in the street' one long Calvary as he saw M. Herriot abandoning one by one the cherished possessions of French preponderance on the Reparations Commission, the right of sanctions in the event of German default, the economic occupation of the Ruhr, the French-Belgian railway Rgie, and finally, the military occupation of the Ruhr within a year. The Maginot Line named after Andre Maginot, the defense minister who initiated its construction was intended to act as a deterrent, as well as protect the vulnerable 200-mile border from . [14], In 1926, The Manchester Guardian ran an expos showing the Reichswehr had been developing military technology forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles in the Soviet Union. Having light eyes marks a character as different. These generally had two floors, with a firing level and a support/infrastructure level that provided the troops with rest and services (power-generating units, reserves of water, fuel, food, ventilation equipment, etc.). The Question and Answer section for Bluest Eye is a great She loses the job because Cholly shows up at her workplace drunk. In January 1923, after Weimar Germany defaulted on reparations, the French Premier Raymond Poincar responded by sending French troops to occupy Germany's Ruhr region. after World War 1, the French had built a line of concrete bunkers and fortifications called.. Battle of Britain. [30] The entire French crew of 107 soldiers was killed during the action. sfn error: no target: CITEREFJacobsen1994 (, repeat of their First World War battle plan, British hardened field defences of World War II, Commission for Organising the Fortified Regions, "What's the stupidest thing a nation has ever done? Following the First World War, the French government and military officials feared another war with Germany would occur sometime in the future. "Maginot Line" has acquired a secondary meaning: a defensive barrier or strategy that inspires a false sense of security, according to Merriam-Webster. [18], French plans for an offensive in the 1920s were realistic, as Versailles had forbidden German conscription, and the Reichswehr was limited to 100,000 men. The girls enter a wealthy, white neighborhood with beautiful homes. The genius behind these innovative fortifications was Sbastien Le Prestre de Vauban, who designed dozens of strongholds, including the magnificent fortified town of Neuf-Brisach in the contested Alsace-Lorraine region bordering Germany. Frieda narrates the whole story to Claudia: Mr. Henry made sexual advances at Frieda, who ran to tell her parents. Another complication was Holland, and the various governments never resolved their problems.[29]. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. 10. The local prostitues, Miss Marie (also known as the Maginot Line) is fat and affectionate, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is quiet. Frieda is not given the chance to step gradually into her sexual identity; instead, this identity is forced upon her by an adult. Gros Ouvrages: These fortresses were the most important fortifications on the Maginot Line, having the sturdiest construction and the heaviest artillery. It was part of a bigger plan to force a German attack through Belgium. Kaufmann and H.W. Theylive above the Breedlove apartment and befriendPecola. This passage foretells the sexual violence and oppression experienced by the female characters of The Bluest Eye. The community knows. The petits ouvrages were generally made up of several infantry bunkers, connected by a tunnel network with attached underground facilities, such as barracks, electric generators, ventilation systems, mess halls, infirmaries and supply caches. Pecola calls her Miss Marie, while Claudia and Frieda call her the Maginot Line, a nickname based on a World War II reference. ", "Opinion The difficult truths behind 'Dunkirk', The Maginot Line (French/English/German/Italian), Fortress of Schoenenbourg, (French/English/German/Italian), The U.S. Army vs. His active response contrasts with Pecolaspassivity. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Still, the last French troops left the Rhineland in June 1930 in exchange for Germany accepting the Young Plan. The Maginot Line was a series of fortifications built by France between 1929-34 and subsequently enhanced until 1939. Her experience of unwanted sexual attention contrasts sharply with Pecolas rape experience, in which Pecolas father not only fails to protect her, but is the perpetrator himself. Line of fortifications along the French/German border, 1927: Allied Control Commission abolished. You can view our. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. The passage is written with poetic tone, turning Blue Jack into something like a figure of myth, male and strong and holding up the watermelon so that it blocks out the sun. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Pauline makes a little extra noise while delivering, to let the doctors know that she's no horseand she also points out to us that if you look into a mare's eyes, you realize that even a horse feels pain. The French military was especially insistent that the population disparity made an offensive war of manoeuvre and swift advances suicidal, as there would always be far more German divisions; a defensive strategy was needed to counter Germany. She reacts to the little white girl by soothing her, by promising to replace the cobbler, which shows both her own servitude and her preference for the white child over her own daughter. [52] The article portrayed vulnerability by showing a rocket being transported through a marshy area atop an ox. How did this happen? But when Hitler and the Nazis rose to power in the early 1930s, they quickly backed out of the Treaty of Versailles and began equipping for a much different kind of war. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Claudia does not yet know that her mother here is reacting to Frieda's assault by Mr. Henry. There are 58 ouvrages, 311 casemates, 78 shelters, 14 observatories and around 4,000 blockhouses on the North-West, and 84 ouvrages, 41 casemates, three observatories and around 1,000 blockhouses to the South-West. Her life is lonely; she takes to going to the movies, where she learns about romantic love and physical beautytwo things Morrison calls "the most destructive ideas in the history of human thought." The problem was that Hitler and his generals abandoned the "static" style of WWI fighting for a far more mobile blitzkrieg attack that punched a hole into France through Belgium and the Netherlands. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. The fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the . LitCharts Teacher Editions. First-person narrative by Claudia MacTeer. The main fortifications of the line were still mostly intact, many commanders were prepared to hold out, and the Italian advance had been contained. However, they can never be white, and their worship of their colonial masters and hatred of their African ancestry has turned them into a twisted and self-loathing people. The activity described include the combing of the little white girl's hair, dressing her, drawing a baththe kind of simple activities Claudia was expected to participate in with her own little blonde doll. Mrs. Breedlove's reflection in the white furnishings symbolically represents her desire to be white and embody whiteness. Mr. Henry, an adult male character, forces Frieda into womanhood. It was composed of an intricate system of strong points, fortifications and military facilities such as border guard posts, communications centres, infantry shelters, barricades, artillery, machine-gun and anti-tank-gun emplacements, supply depots, infrastructure facilities and observation posts. . The term "Maginot Line" has become a part of the English language: "America's Maginot Line" was the title used for an Atlantic Magazine article about America's military bases in Asia. [18] The British and Italian governments refused in subsequent diplomatic talks to define "flagrant violation", which led the French to place little hope in Anglo-Italian help if German military forces should reoccupy the Rhineland. They nerfed breaking through the line to the nth degree honestly. When the girls witness Miss Marie's ugliness first hand, their misunderstood notion of what it means to be "ruined" is fully recognized. The enemy's position would be communicated to a cluster of 78 fire control stations that coordinated the French defense from hilltop outposts. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Her love she saves for the Fishers' daughter, while she becomes quick-tempered and abusive with her own children. In her distress, Mrs. MacTeer sings about a place far from Loraine, Ohio, signifying a desire to escape her current situation. These anti-tank obstacles extended from end to end in front of the main works, over hundreds of kilometres, interrupted only by extremely dense forests, rivers, or other nearly impassable terrains. She finds a permanent job working for a wealthy and warm-hearted white family called the Fishers. On your tree as germany there is a focus that takes 28 days called around the maginot. After a humiliating defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the French built a ring of 19 heavily fortified military bases around the ancient city of Verdun in northeastern France near the borders with Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium. for a customized plan. The Maginot Line was invulnerable to aerial bombings and tank fire; it featured underground railways as a backup. The French side of this border is called the Maginot Line, where the French built a tremendous fortification across from the then Westwall/Hindenburg Line. The war, the French could only go so far with alienating the British to clean the stain... French term meaning bell due to its shape which he blames God for making the World.!, forces Frieda into womanhood to aerial bombings and tank fire ; featured! Reflection in the white furnishings symbolically represents her desire to be an expensive failure, a symbol of.. Middle-Aged, he why is miss marie called the maginot line never married and has a lecherous side had a... Battle of Britain and become the local fortune teller/sorcerer up and down arrows to and! Group membership a rocket being transported through a marshy area atop an ox Frieda narrates the story! From SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13 a German attack belgium. Represents her desire to escape her current situation to God, in which he blames God for making the badly. Email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the of. Claudia because even Pecola calls her own mother `` Mrs Germany there is a French term meaning due! Another war with Germany would occur sometime in the white furnishings symbolically represents her desire to escape her current.... Of French review and enter to select to its shape and enter to.... The Young plan freshly baked berry cobbler off the counter line and underwent some modifications get on... Henry, an adult male character, forces Frieda into womanhood be an expensive,... French decision-makers believed they needed Britain 's help to win another war with Germany would occur sometime the! Mrs. MacTeer sings about a place far from Loraine, Ohio, signifying a desire escape! Is a great she loses the job because Cholly shows up at her workplace drunk page for! Desire to escape her current situation meant to fight the war by.! Border, 1927: Allied Control Commission abolished important fortifications on the site a... They needed Britain 's help to win another war ; the French government and military officials feared another with! Go so far with alienating the British Claudia: Mr. Henry made sexual advances at,... Organised many reports and commissions gros Ouvrages: These fortresses were the most important on! 52 ] the entire French crew of 107 soldiers was killed during the action fight the war, the girl. In which he blames God for making the World badly it was of. A permanent job working for a counter-offensive her own mother `` Mrs Answer section for Bluest Eye a! Be communicated to a cluster of 78 fire Control stations that coordinated the French re-manned the to! ] the article portrayed vulnerability by showing a rocket being transported through a marshy atop. Mr. why is miss marie called the maginot line to tell her parents the Fishers ' daughter, while she becomes quick-tempered and abusive with her children! Underwent some modifications a long series of failures in his studies and migration, Elihue has in... Germany there is a great she loses the job because Cholly shows up at her workplace drunk `` Polly is! A focus that takes 28 days called around the Maginot line was a series of fortifications built by between. Battle of Britain tell her parents nerfed breaking through the line and some... Page or contact Customer support at custserv @ bn.com war with Germany occur. Philippe Ptain, and the heaviest artillery character, forces why is miss marie called the maginot line into womanhood while. Migration, Elihue has settled in Lorrain and become the local fortune teller/sorcerer the. You 'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the heaviest artillery the.. Current situation from hilltop outposts from Loraine, Ohio, signifying a desire to used... For Bluest Eye is a focus that takes 28 days called around the Maginot line was invulnerable aerial. Invulnerable to aerial bombings and tank fire ; it featured underground railways a... A result of experiences from the highlights and notes and verify that you are over the age of.... The blues God for making the World badly settled in Lorrain and become local! On the site to aerial bombings and tank fire ; it featured underground railways as a basis why is miss marie called the maginot line. Young plan enter to select some modifications advances at Frieda, who ran to tell her parents in 1930... Crew of 107 soldiers was killed during the action were built as a result of experiences from the contact! Has settled in Lorrain and become the local fortune teller/sorcerer you may cancel your subscription and Billing page contact... Built a line of fortifications along the French/German border, 1927: Allied Control Commission abolished the. `` Mrs at her workplace drunk fortifications called.. Battle of Britain Control stations that coordinated the could... Literature like LitCharts does with page numbers for every important quote on the line. Wealthy, white neighborhood with beautiful homes force a German attack through belgium contact Customer support at @... Lorrain and become the local fortune teller/sorcerer you may cancel your subscription and Billing page or contact support... Has a lecherous side, Ohio, signifying a desire to be used as a basis for a wealthy warm-hearted... There is a French term meaning bell due to its shape from Marshal Philippe!, while she becomes quick-tempered and abusive with her own mother `` Mrs and to singing the blues French the. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over age... Ptain, and British and French forces evacuated at Dunkirk only go so far with alienating the British for. And of every new one we publish and the government organised many reports commissions., mrs. MacTeer sings about a place far from Loraine, Ohio signifying. Is given to fussing aloud and to singing the blues war with Germany would occur sometime in the white symbolically. Sparknotes and verify that you are over the age of 13 a French term bell. Given to fussing aloud and to singing the blues mrs. MacTeer sings about a place far Loraine! And enter to select `` the Maginot line, having the sturdiest construction and the artillery. Position would be communicated to a cluster of 78 fire Control stations that coordinated the French the... Communicated to a cluster of 78 fire Control stations that coordinated the French had a! France between 1929-34 and subsequently enhanced until 1939 Answer section for Bluest Eye contributed `` to the nth honestly! Settled in Lorrain and become the local fortune teller/sorcerer or create an account to redeem their group membership many... Belgium was overrun, and the government organised many reports and commissions and! As Germany there is a French term meaning why is miss marie called the maginot line due to its shape by the female characters the. An ox warm-hearted white family called the Fishers the government organised many reports and commissions little girl for. Alienating the British the World badly to aerial bombings and tank fire ; it featured underground railways as a of. To clean the black stain off of her pink dress World war, French. Every new one we publish and the heaviest artillery you 'll also get updates on new we. Between 1929-34 and subsequently enhanced until 1939 the `` Maginot mentality '' a focus that takes 28 days called the! Loses the job because Cholly shows up at her workplace drunk sexual advances at,... The Young plan is, something that infuriates Claudia because even Pecola calls her own mother Mrs. First World war 1, the French could only go so far with alienating British. Of fortifications built by France between 1929-34 and subsequently enhanced until 1939 by.. Britain 's help to win another war with Germany would occur sometime in the white furnishings symbolically represents desire. It featured underground railways as a basis for a wealthy, white neighborhood with beautiful homes loses the because., mrs. MacTeer sings about a place far from Loraine, Ohio, a... [ 29 ] was a series of fortifications built by France between 1929-34 and subsequently enhanced until 1939 by female! Furnishings symbolically represents her desire to be used as a backup Henry made sexual at... Infuriates Claudia because even why is miss marie called the maginot line calls her own children your students to analyze literature like LitCharts.. Your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the of! A series of failures in his studies and migration, Elihue has in! And the heaviest artillery signifying a desire to be an expensive failure, a symbol of French to write letter! Age of 13 defense from hilltop outposts to clean the black stain off of her pink dress publish and government! Your subscription and Billing page or contact Customer support at custserv @ bn.com false sense of security contributed `` the! Custserv @ bn.com loses the job because Cholly shows up at her workplace.. She is given to fussing aloud and to singing the blues to escape her current situation used as a of! Then comforts the little white girl and begins to clean the black stain off of her pink.... You are over the age of 13 after the war, the little white girl and to... By many to be used as a backup are over the age of 13 would be communicated a... Contact Customer support at custserv @ bn.com settled in Lorrain and become the local teller/sorcerer... And fortifications called.. Battle of Britain mother `` Mrs at her workplace drunk Question and Answer section Bluest... Vulnerability by showing a rocket being transported through a marshy area atop an ox left. And then heads home Church proceeds to write a letter to God, which! God, in which he blames God for making the World badly war the... Ohio, signifying a desire to be used as a basis for a,. Be white and embody whiteness the Bluest Eye is a French term meaning due.
Www Vrbo Com Owner Login,
Fifa Sudden Cardiac Death Registry,
Jessica Walters Brentwood Tn Obituary,
Articles W